The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board^® (IPSASB^®) has released a Consultation Paper (CP), Accounting for Revenue and Non-exchange Expenses.

The IPSASB seeks constituent views on potential recognition and measurement approaches for revenue and non-exchange expenses. Conceptually robust and understandable accounting treatments of taxes, transfers and other major sources of public sector income as well as expenses on universally accessible and collective services are fundamental to high-quality financial reporting. The publication of IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, by the International Accounting Standards Board, has provided the IPSASB with an impetus to consider its approaches both to commercial transactions and public sector specific transactions. The CP also considers recognition approaches for significant non-exchange expense transactions, such as the provision of education, healthcare and defense.

“This Consultation Paper is an important first step in addressing some key IPSAS implementation issues while seeking to maintain IFRS convergence,” said Ian Carruthers, IPSASB Chair. “It also provides an opportunity to address gaps in literature that have been identified in accounting for non-exchange expenses and the measurement of non-contractual receivables and non-contractual payables—such as taxes, fines and licenses.”

The CP proposes updating existing IPSAS 23, Revenue from Non-Exchange Transactions (Taxes and Transfers), to address issues identified by users, as well as to replace current IPSAS dealing with revenue arising from exchange transactions and construction contracts with an IPSAS based on IFRS 15.

For non-exchange transactions with performance obligations the CP discusses two potential revenue recognition approaches.

(a)   Exchange/non-exchange approach – Under this approach the CP identifies five options for updating IPSAS 23, Revenue from Non-Exchange Transactions (Taxes and Transfers); and

(b)   The Public Sector Performance Obligation Approach for Revenue – Under this approach revenue would be recognized when identified performance obligations have been fulfilled, drawing upon the approach in IFRS 15 adapted for the public sector.

The CP discusses two potential approaches to the recognition of non-exchange expenses.

(a)   The Extended Obligating Event Approach – this approach would rely on the IPSASB’s Conceptual Framework to determine when a resource provider has a liability and expense; and

(b)   The Public Sector Performance Obligation Approach for Expenses – this approach would mirror the equivalent approach for revenue, and adapt it for non-exchange expense transactions.

The CP also discusses:

• Implementation issues regarding the recognition of revenue from capital grants and services in-kind;
• Initial and subsequent measurement of non-contractual receivables; and
• Subsequent measurement of non-contractual payables.

How to Comment
To access the Consultation Paper and its summary At-a-Glance document, or to submit a comment, visit the IPSASB website, www.ipsasb.org. Comments on the Consultation Paper are requested by January 15, 2018. The IPSASB encourages IFAC^® members, associates, and regional accountancy organizations to promote the availability of this Consultation Paper to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB
The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through the development of accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the governments of Canada and New Zealand. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

About the Public Interest Committee
The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information.

In 2015, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA), and the International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) convened a small, cross-representational working group—the Professional Skepticism Working Group—to formulate views on whether and how each of the three boards’ sets of international standards could further contribute to strengthening the understanding and application of the concept of professional skepticism as it applies to an audit.

Navigating the national regulatory environment is a crucial part of establishing and developing an effective professional accountancy organization (PAO). The right accountancy regulation model is vital to ensuring a well-functioning profession that produces high-quality financial information, supports economic growth and development, and is relevant to professional accountants and their clients. This publication is designed to support PAOs in their efforts to adapt to recent regulatory evolution, and actively influence stakeholders and influencers.

Navigating the national regulatory environment is a crucial part of establishing and developing an effective professional accountancy organization (PAO). The right accountancy regulation model is vital to ensuring a well-functioning profession that produces high-quality financial information, supports economic growth and development, and is relevant to professional accountants and their clients. In light of regulatory evolution in recent years and the ongoing need for PAOs to adapt to, and actively influence, their environment, the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) today released new guidance to support PAOs in these efforts.

“There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution for accountancy regulation; there are many different models in place around the world that work effectively,” said IFAC Executive Director Alta Prinsloo. “Understanding the key principles of accountancy regulation, and how they function in practical terms, helps PAOs and their key constituents ensure the profession’s long-term sustainability, and their ability to continue to function in the public interest.”

Making Regulation Work: Principles and Models for the Accountancy Profession explores the scope of accountancy regulation, why it is needed, and key principles for consideration, as highlighted in IFAC Public Policy Position 1, Regulation of the Accountancy Profession and From Crisis to Confidence: A Call for Consistent, High-Quality Global Regulation. It also provides regulatory model examples used in a number of countries, with further information available in country profiles on the IFAC website.

The guidance is part of the PAO Capacity Building Series, which includes guidance on PAO governance, advocacy and public policy, partnerships, and engaging professional accountants in business. It also builds on one of the key findings of the MOSAIC PAO Global Development Report, which cites strengthening PAOs’ legal and regulatory foundations and internal capacity as a critical need for the global accountancy profession.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

IAASB Technical Director Matthew Waldron hosts the June 2017 audio podcast featuring Chairman Arnold Schilder and IAASB Members Karen French and Megan Zietsman to discuss key activities and events from the board's June 19-22, 2017 meeting in New York, New York.

• 0:00 to 0:40            Introduction
• 0:41 to 5:14            Chairman’s overview
• 5:15 to 11:51           Quality Control
• 11:52 to 15:42         Networks
• 15:43 to 18:00         ISA 220
• 18:01 to 20:26         Group Audits
• 20:27 to 22:49         Closing remarks and next meeting

Thinking beyond the financial elements of an organization to other key areas of value creation can help small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs) develop a better understanding of their business and provide key insights for the future. Today, it is critical for organizations to think broadly about performance and strategy, and improve communication to shareholders, investors, customers and suppliers on what drives value for the organization.

Creating Value for SMEs through Integrated Thinking: The Benefits of Integrated Reporting, published today by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), highlights how SMEs—and the professional accountants serving them—can benefit from integrated thinking and reporting.

“As the engines of economic development, SMEs are critically important to the world’s economy,” said Sylvia Tsen, IFAC Executive Director. “They have significant value beyond the financial, which integrated thinking and reporting helps uncover. An integrated approach can help SMEs, including not-for-profits, increase their impact because it encourages an inclusive view of operations, risks and opportunities, and future outlook.”

Integrated reporting embraces the six capitals established by the IIRC’s International Integrated Reporting Framework: financial, human, intellectual, manufactured, natural, and social and relationship. Considering each holistically, organizations can build a clearer understanding of the factors necessary to build value over the short, medium, and long term, including how the business uses and effects its resources.

“Integrated reporting is well underway to becoming the global norm, so it has to work for all businesses, large and small,” said Richard Howitt, IIRC Chief Executive Officer. “I am delighted how this new publication shows the considerable benefits for smaller organizations. The IIRC’s principles-based framework is deliberately flexible so that SMEs can apply it to their own specific circumstances.”

Whether advising an organization or working within it, professional accountants are equipped with the skills and understanding to apply integrated reporting, help discover important insights, and provide stakeholders with a broader picture of how the business meets its strategic objectives. Additional resources to help professional accountants improve integrated thinking are available on the Global Knowledge Gateway, including Creating Value with Integrated Thinking: The Role of the Professional Accountant.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Integrated reporting enhances the way organizations think, plan, and report their business’ story. It is used as an opportunity to communicate a clear, concise, integrated story explaining how value is created within the organization. It can help businesses think holistically about their strategy and plans, make informed decisions, manage key opportunities and risks to build investor and stakeholder confidence, and help manage the organization’s performance.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) welcomes the adoption by the US Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) of a new auditing standard to enhance auditor’s reports by providing additional, relevant information to users, including critical audit matters.

The PCAOB’s new standard, which is subject to US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approval, is comparable with the IAASB’s new and revised Auditor Reporting Standards, which require the communication of key audit matters in auditor’s reports of listed entities and became effective for December 2016 year-end audits.

“The PCAOB’s adoption of a standard to enhance auditor’s reports is a significant step forward in providing useful and relevant information to investors and other users,” said Prof. Arnold Schilder, IAASB Chairman. “Auditor’s reports are no longer “boilerplate” reports—auditors are now providing additional information about the audit, which is highly valued by users. We are particularly pleased that the PCAOB’s requirements are comparable to those of the IAASB. Coordination among standard setters is important in striving toward auditing standards that are, in principle, globally consistent.”

Two new publications comparing the IAASB and PCAOB standards have been developed by the IAASB’s Auditor Reporting Implementation Working Group. These publications will assist users in understanding the key similarities and differences between the IAASB and PCAOB requirements. Additional information on the IAASB’s new and revised Auditor Reporting Standards, as well as support materials, are available online.

About the IAASB
The IAASB develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

Following the US Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)’s recent release of AS 3101, The Auditor's Report on an Audit of Financial Statements When the Auditor Expresses an Unqualified Opinion, the IAASB's Auditor Reporting Implementation Working Group has prepared a comparison between the IAASB and PCAOB standards. These publications will help improve understanding of the key aspects of the standards from both organizations.