The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board^® (IPSASB^®) has released a Consultation Paper (CP), Measurement, which addresses how measurement bases are determined in the public sector. The CP includes within it an illustrative Exposure Draft (ED), Measurement, which shows what the IPSASB currently envisages a final pronouncement will comprise. This is the first time that the IPSASB has used such an approach, which is intended to provide a firm basis for constituent comments.

The CP lays out proposed guidance for measurement bases for the assets and liabilities most commonly used by public sector entities when applying IPSAS. It proposes the development of a single standard which will provide definitions and guidance on the main measurement bases, while other IPSAS will continue to provide guidance on which particular measurement basis is to be used.

The CP and ED respond to a number of drivers including:

• The need to consider existing measurement requirements in the light of the measurement guidance in IPSASB’s Conceptual Framework;
• That it is necessary to standardize usage of the term ‘fair value’ within IPSASB’s literature following the issue of private sector guidance in IFRS 13; and
• The need to provide guidance on difficult issues, such as borrowing costs and transactions costs.

“Measurement must fairly reflect the cost of services, operational capacity and financial capacity in order to provide the high-quality information required for accountability and decision making in the public sector,” said IPSASB Chair Ian Carruthers. “This project will consolidate the guidance on the main measurement bases used in IPSAS into a single comprehensive standard, so increasing consistency and coherence for users.”

The final pronouncement will underpin the IPSASB’s approach to measurement for many years. It is therefore essential that the IPSASB hears the views of respondents on the preliminary views and the other matters raised for comment in this Consultation Paper.

How to Comment
To access the Consultation Paper and its summary At-a-Glance document, or to submit a comment, visit the IPSASB website, www.ipsasb.org. Comments on the Consultation Paper are requested by September 30, 2019. The IPSASB encourages IFAC® members, associates, and regional accountancy organizations to promote the availability of this Consultation Paper to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB
The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through developing and maintaining accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other high-quality financial reporting guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It also raises awareness of IPSAS and the benefits of accrual adoption. The Board receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the governments of Canada and New Zealand. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

About the Public Interest Committee
The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) today published a Discussion Paper, Audits of Less Complex Entities: Exploring Possible Options to Address the Challenges in Applying the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). The IAASB seeks to further understand the challenges of using ISAs in audits of less complex entities—and views about possible actions to address these challenges.

The IAASB recognizes the global call for action to address issues of complexity, length, understandability, scalability, and proportionality related to using the ISAs. Continuing the debate on these strategic issues, the Discussion Paper explores how the IAASB, and others, could further support auditors working in increasingly evolving environments.

The IAASB welcomes input from all interested stakeholders as we chart an appropriate way forward. The consultation will remain open until September 12, 2019. French and Spanish translations will be available on the IAASB’s website in mid-May.

Gaylen R. Hansen has been appointed chair of the Consultative Advisory Group (CAG) to the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA), effective July 1, 2019. His appointment, which has been approved by the Public Interest Oversight Board, follows his election by IESBA CAG members. He has served on the IESBA CAG representing the US National Association of State Boards of Accountancy since 2010.

As chair, Mr. Hansen will lead the IESBA CAG―an independent body of international organizations from the regulatory, corporate governance, investor, preparer and user communities, and other stakeholders—in providing strategic and technical advice to the IESBA in the public interest. Mr. Hansen will play a key role in ensuring that the CAG’s views are considered in IESBA deliberations.

For over a decade, Mr. Hansen served on the board of directors, and as chair from 2012 to 2013, of NASBA, a key participant in US accountancy profession regulation. He is also a founding member of NASBA’s Center for the Public Trust, and represents NASBA on the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board CAG.

Mr. Hansen is also a member of the American Institute of CPAs’ Auditing Standards Board and a past member of its Professional Ethics Executive Committee. He is a past member of the US Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Standing Advisory Group and a retired audit partner.

“I am honored to have been elected IESBA CAG chair,” said Mr. Hansen. “The CAG plays a vital role in enabling all those concerned in the work of, or services provided by, professional accountants to have a voice in the development and maintenance of standards that ensure a high level of ethical conduct. I look forward to shepherding the CAG’s diversity of experience to assist the IESBA setting robust ethics standards.”

Mr. Hansen will succeed Mr. Kristian Koktvedgaard, who has served as CAG Chair since July 2013. “I congratulate Gaylen on his appointment as CAG chair,” said Mr. Koktvedgaard. “His experience and commitment working on ethics combined with his strong knowledge in audit, assurance and accounting issues is a great asset, and I am confident he will lead the CAG effectively in providing sound strategic and technical advice.”

Commenting on Mr. Hansen’s appointment, Dr. Stavros Thomadakis, IESBA Chairman, said, “Gaylen is a veteran in policy matters relating to the accountancy profession. His experience will serve the CAG well in its objective to provide public interest input to our standards development work. I congratulate Gaylen and I very much look forward to working with him in his new leadership role. On behalf of the IESBA, I also thank Kristian for his outstanding contribution to our work and his strong leadership of the CAG over the years. I wish him continued success in his future endeavors.”

About the IESBA
The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) is an independent global standard-setting board. The IESBA serves the public interest by setting ethics standards, including auditor independence requirements, which seek to raise the bar for ethical conduct and practice for all professional accountants through a robust globally operable International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards).

The IESBA believes a single set of high-quality ethics standards enhances the quality and consistency of services provided by professional accountants, thus contributing to public trust and confidence in the accountancy profession. The IESBA sets its standards in the public interest with advice from the IESBA Consultative Advisory Group (CAG) and under the oversight of the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB).

The structures and processes that support IESBA operations are facilitated by IFAC.

Please visit www.ethicsboard.org for more information, and follow us on Twitter @Ethics_Board.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

As mounting global economic, social and environmental challenges test financial markets and social stability, IFAC (International Federation of Accountants) today hosted 23 leaders of international organizations dedicated to effective international rulemaking at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Partnership of international organisations spearheaded by the OECD.

At the meeting, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría launched The Contribution of International Organisations to a Rule-Based International System — a new Brochure, which reveals how international organizations contribute to a rule-based international system in support of better policies and better lives.

Opening the meeting, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría commented: “International organizations contribute to a rich, diverse ecosystem of international rules and standards. Nevertheless, they are not immune from a context where trust in public institutions, evidence, and expert advice is deteriorating. Our Partnership of international organizations is helping to identify the conditions for more successful outcomes in the international rulemaking landscape. The OECD is proud to host such an important initiative, at a time when coordinated action is more crucial than ever to address the issues affecting our citizens.”

Welcoming delegates, IFAC Chief Executive, Kevin Dancey said: “Widely adopted rules and standards supported by international organizations are the most visible sign of our collective efforts to support social and economic stability globally. Moreover, the negotiation, collaboration, and multi-stakeholder engagement that underpins global rule-making truly defines our shared public interest objectives. No laws require nations to adopt and implement the standards IFAC supports. They are adopted because their quality, legitimacy and impact are assured through active, purposeful consultation. IFAC is proud, for example, that International Standards on Audit and Assurance and Ethics have been adopted in over 120 jurisdictions, and that number is increasing. And in the next five years, the forecast is that use of accrual accounting by governments globally will leap from 25% to 65%, resulting in greater public sector transparency and adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards. Unlocking the answers to the world’s biggest challenges will require more, not less, of this collaborative spirit,” he said.

The Partnership of international organizations works to clarify the terminology used for international instruments and identify approaches and practices that support inclusive, evidence-based and coordinated international rulemaking. The Partnership includes over 50 organizations spanning a wealth of sectors, from accounting to animal health. The Brochure is the result of cooperation among international organizations and with country delegates in annual discussions, technical meetings, and a dedicated survey on international rulemaking practices. It offers a broad overview of the internal disciplines needed to underpin the quality of international rules.

IFAC strongly supports international standards for audit & assurance, ethics, education and public sector accounting. The standards are prepared in an oversight environment focused on the public interest. IFAC and its members are experts in providing adoption and implementation guidance and support —crucial to ensuring the standards effectively support the nations in which they are embraced.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of over 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) today released its Strategy and Work Plan, 2019-2023. Titled Elevating Ethics in a Dynamic and Uncertain World, the publication describes the board’s strategy and priorities toward the setting of high-quality, future-ready ethics standards for professional accountants that are widely adopted around the world.  

Building on the newly revised and restructured International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (the Code) which will come into effect in June 2019, the IESBA’s Strategy features three inter-related strategic themes:

• Advancing the relevance and impact of the Code, through maintaining a global Code fit for purpose in the evolving environment, and further raising the bar on ethics;
• Deepening and expanding the Code’s influence, through increasing global adoption and effective implementation of the Code; and
• Expanding the IESBA’s perspectives and inputs, through proactively engaging and seeking cooperative avenues with stakeholders.

Supporting the achievement of these strategic themes is a comprehensive and ambitious Work Plan. The Plan outlines commitments, priorities, planned actions of the Board and key milestones, including continued strong coordination with the IAASB as and where needed.

“This new Strategy and Work Plan embodies our clear determination to pursue global public interest objectives and outcomes, underpinned by our firm belief in the centrality of Ethics and in a unified Code for all professional accountants,” said IESBA chairman Dr. Stavros Thomadakis, adding, “The priorities and actions in the SWP have been calibrated to safeguard the relevance of the Code in an era of changing technologies, business methods and public expectations, and to reinforce its role as a linchpin of public trust in the profession.”

The development of the Strategy and Work Plan was informed by broad-based stakeholder input over the last two years, including a survey of stakeholders and a public consultation paper.

To learn more about the board and its work, visit www.ethicsboard.org.

About the IESBA
The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) is an independent global standard-setting board. The IESBA serves the public interest by setting ethics standards, including auditor independence requirements, which seek to raise the bar for ethical conduct and practice for all professional accountants through a robust globally operable International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards).

The IESBA believes a single set of high-quality ethics standards enhances the quality and consistency of services provided by professional accountants, thus contributing to public trust and confidence in the accountancy profession. The IESBA sets its standards in the public interest with advice from the IESBA Consultative Advisory Group (CAG) and under the oversight of the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB).

The structures and processes that support IESBA operations are facilitated by IFAC. Please visit www.ethicsboard.org for more information, and follow us on Twitter @Ethics_Board.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) today released for public comment Exposure Draft, Proposed Revisions to Part 4B of the Code to Reflect Terms and Concepts Used in ISAE 3000 (Revised). Part 4B of the revised and restructured International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) comprises the independence standards for assurance engagements other than audit and review engagements, as defined in the Code.

The proposed revision fulfills a pre-commitment the IESBA announced in its proposed Strategy and Work Plan, 2019-2023 to review Part 4B of the Code for any changes needed to make the provisions in that Part consistent with the revised assurance terms and concepts in the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board’s International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised), Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information.

The proposals in the Exposure Draft include:

• Changes in key terminology, including a revised definition of the term “assurance client”;
• Enhanced and clarified independence requirements for attestation engagements;
• Clarification of the types of assurance engagement addressed in Part 4B; and
• Simplified guidance on assurance engagements that refer to the definitive source of explanatory material on such engagements in IAASB literature.

The proposals were developed in close cooperation with representatives of the IAASB, as part of the coordination program of the two standard-setting boards.

Comments on the Exposure Draft are requested by June 26, 2019 from all stakeholders.

About the IESBA
The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) is an independent global standard-setting board. The IESBA serves the public interest by setting ethics standards, including auditor independence requirements, which seek to raise the bar for ethical conduct and practice for all professional accountants through a robust globally operable International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards).

The IESBA believes a single set of high-quality ethics standards enhances the quality and consistency of services provided by professional accountants, thus contributing to public trust and confidence in the accountancy profession. The IESBA sets its standards in the public interest with advice from the IESBA Consultative Advisory Group (CAG) and under the oversight of the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB).

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Extended external reporting (EER) is becoming increasingly common and there is a growing demand for assurance engagements in relation to it. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) seeks feedback on its progress in developing draft guidance in the first phase of its EER Assurance project. Public input is requested by June 21, 2019.

EER encapsulates many different forms of reporting including, but not limited to, integrated reporting, sustainability reporting and other reporting by entities about environmental, social and governance matters.

The IAASB Consultation Paper, Extended External Reporting Assurance , includes the first part of draft guidance for practitioners applying International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised), Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information, to EER assurance engagements. Input received will assist the IAASB in continuing to develop a complete non-authoritative guidance document due to be published in the second phase of the project.

This consultation includes draft guidance covering:

• The suitability of criteria (reporting framework or standards) used to prepare the EER report;
• Preparer-developed criteria to determine the matters reported on (a preparer’s “materiality process”);
• The types of misstatements that may occur in the EER report (building assertions);
• The materiality of misstatements in the EER report;
• The preparer’s governance and internal control over its process to prepare the EER report; and
• Narrative and future-oriented information in the EER report.

The IAASB invites input on the draft guidance from all stakeholders, especially those with practical experience in this evolving area of reporting, including practitioners and other experts involved in performing engagements, preparers of EER reports, investors and other users, standard setters, and regulators.

Comments on the Consultation Paper are requested by June 21, 2019.

The IAASB’s EER Assurance project is being run with the support of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.

About the IAASB

The IAASB develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) seeks public comment by July 1, 2019 on three interrelated standards that address quality management. The proposals bring important changes to the way professional accountancy firms are expected to manage quality—for audits, reviews, and other assurance and related services engagements.

The proposed standards include a new proactive risk-based approach to effective quality management systems within firms that establish the foundation for consistent engagement quality. The new approach improves the scalability of the standards because it promotes a system tailored to the nature and circumstances of the firm and its engagements.

The IAASB proposals are intended to improve engagement quality through:

• Modernizing the standards for an evolving and increasingly complex environment, including addressing the impact of technology, networks, and use of external service providers;
• Increasing firm leadership responsibilities and accountability, and improving firm governance;
• More rigorous monitoring of quality management systems and remediating deficiencies;
• Enhancing the engagement partner’s responsibility for audit engagement leadership and audit quality; and
• Addressing the robustness of engagement quality reviews, including engagement selection, documentation, and performance.

Given the significance of the changes and the need for firms to adjust how they manage quality, the IAASB has also developed draft guidance and tools, such as examples and frequently asked questions. These materials will help firms understand the proposals, including how to apply them in different circumstances.

Exposure Drafts

• Overall Explanatory Memorandum, The IAASB’s Exposure Drafts for Quality Management at the Firm and Engagement Level, Including Engagement Quality Reviews
• Proposed International Standard on Quality Management 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements (previously ISQC 1)
• Proposed International Standard on Quality Management 2, Engagement Quality Reviews
• Proposed International Standard on Auditing 220 (Revised), Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements

 Comments on the Exposure Drafts are requested by July 1, 2019.

 About the IAASB

The IAASB develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org

The evolving environment in which the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) operates demands a strategy that reflects, among others, changing technology; a dynamic small- and medium-sized entity landscape; and emerging reporting needs. This is global stakeholders’ opportunity to shape the board’s strategy by commenting on the proposed draft.

In the Proposed Strategy for 2020–2023 and Work Plan for 2020–2021, the IAASB puts forth a way forward that it believes meets stakeholders’ evolving needs, and is in the public interest. Enhancing our processes, including using technology and appropriate resourcing, are included in the strategy and are crucial to success. These enhancements will also maximize the impact of our activities, thereby enabling more timely responses to global trends and needs.

The Work Plan highlights the board’s commitment to completing significant projects currently underway, while balancing the needs of different stakeholders.

Feedback on this consultation and on the IAASB’s strategic direction is requested by June 4, 2019 from all interested stakeholders.

About the IAASB

The IAASB develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org

The newly published sequel to the 2017 G20 public trust in tax report from ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants), CA ANZ and IFAC (the International Federation of Accountants) reveals a high level of distrust among the public in politicians and non-government organisations (NGOs) when it comes to tax systems.

The new report also shows that public trust in professionals, such as accountants and lawyers, remains high by comparison.

When it comes to evaluating their tax systems, respondents across G20 nations are most concerned about transparency, complexity, inequality and corruption in tax systems.

Respondents’ concerns about inequality stem from the perception in English-speaking countries that high income earners and multinationals are treated better by tax systems than average or low income earners. Respondents in China, Indonesia and India had high levels of trust in tax authorities, politicians and accountants, reported efficient tax filing, and supported tax competition to attract multinational business.

G20 public trust in tax report is based on an online survey of more than 8,400 members of the general public across G20 countries and New Zealand, revealing that respondents have:

• a trust deficit amongst politicians and the media; 58 per cent of respondents expressed distrust or strong distrust in politicians, down nine per cent since 2017. Similarly, distrust in the media stands at 37 per cent down four per cent since the last survey;

• the highest level of trust in professional tax accountants at 55 per cent, down a marginal two percentage points compared to 2017, and professional tax lawyers at 50 per cent, up one per cent;

• consistent levels of mistrust year-on-year in non-government organisations at 37 per cent, an increase of two percent compared to 2017;

• divided views of trust in government tax authorities, with 37 per cent saying they trust or highly trust tax authorities and 34 per cent distrusting or highly distrusting them.

Commenting on the second year’s findings, Chas Roy-Chowdhury, global head of tax at ACCA says: ‘Once trust is lost, it’s hard to regain. Tax is a complex issue and one that touches all our lives - so that trust is important. What’s clear from this research is the need for all significant players – from politicians to tax experts - to work together to build and sustain the public’s trust in tax. And while the accountancy profession fares the best again in this year’s results, we cannot be complacent about these findings.’

Kevin Dancey, IFAC CEO adds: ‘Given that accountants adhere to a strong ethical code that supports their public interest obligations, it’s vital that we actually understand what the public thinks of tax systems and who they go to for trusted advice. This research gives everyone working in tax, including policy makers, politicians, media and accountants, a powerful insight in what the public really think. By understanding their views, professionals can better work to inspire confidence in the system as a whole.’

Michael Croker from CA ANZ concludes: ‘Our research shows that people say they broadly trust and want to hear more from experts and professionals, but scepticism in politicians and the media continues. If transparency is one of the pillars of an effective tax system, then the professionals and experts working in tax need to strive for even more clarity on how tax works nationally and globally. It’s clear there is still much work to be done to sustain this hard earned trust it amongst the tax-paying public.’

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of over 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

About ACCA
ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is the global body for professional accountants, offering business-relevant, first-choice qualifications to people of application, ability and ambition around the world who seek a rewarding career in accountancy, finance and management.

ACCA supports its 208,000 members and 503,000 students in 179 countries, helping them to develop successful careers in accounting and business, with the skills required by employers. ACCA works through a network of 104 offices and centres and more than 7,300 Approved Employers worldwide, who provide high standards of employee learning and development. Through its public interest remit, ACCA promotes appropriate regulation of accounting and conducts relevant research to ensure accountancy continues to grow in reputation and influence.

ACCA has introduced major innovations to its flagship qualification to ensure its members and future members continue to be the most valued, up to date and sought-after accountancy professionals globally.

Founded in 1904, ACCA has consistently held unique core values: opportunity, diversity, innovation, integrity and accountability. More information is here: www.accaglobal.com

About CA ANZ
Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand is a professional body comprised of more than 117,000 members living and working around the world. We focus on the education and lifelong learning of our members, and engage in advocacy and thought leadership in areas of public interest that impact the economy and domestic and international markets.