As the world becomes more complex, maintaining ethical standards becomes both more challenging and increasingly important. To help guide financial professionals, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada (CPA Canada), the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS), and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) have released Complexity and the professional accountant: Practical guidance for ethical decision-making, the first in a series of four thought leadership pieces.

“We’re on a journey to reimagine the future of the accounting profession,” said Charles-Antoine St-Jean, president and CEO, CPA Canada. “Digital disruption and shifting societal expectations are redefining the role of professional accountants around the world. Our collective response to these opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications will impact our ability to remain trusted leaders, on the forefront of change. This paper, and those to follow, contribute to important conversations as we adapt and help shape the future.”

This initial publication developed by CPA Canada builds on a collaborative exploratory paper and global roundtable event, called Ethical Leadership in an Era of Complexity and Digital Change, held in conjunction with ICAS and IFAC. The first of the series addresses key themes presented in the exploratory work, leveraging the event discussions and recommendations, to offer practical guidance for professional accountants, accounting organizations, educators and employers.

“Ethical leadership is crucial to the future success of the accountancy profession, and the global financial system as a whole,” said Kevin Dancey, CEO of IFAC. “As a profession, it is our core ethical foundation, coupled with our skills and competencies, that enable us to navigate the opportunities and challenges of the digital age, while maintaining our public interest responsibility.”

The development of Complexity and the professional accountant: Practical guidance for ethical decision-making was also informed by the ongoing work of the Technology Working Group of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) and the diverse views of stakeholders gathered through its extensive outreach.

“The accounting profession needs to continually evolve to address changing stakeholder needs while continuing to meet its’ public interest responsibility” notes, Bruce Cartwright CA, ICAS CEO, adding: “The only certainty is that there will be more regular advancements in technology. It is therefore imperative that we properly consider the associated ethical implications of technology and help shape the future.”

Complexity and the professional accountant: Practical guidance for ethical decision-making, along with the collaborative exploratory paper, a summary of the February 2021 event, including an on-demand recording and additional resources, are all available on the IFAC Knowledge Gateway.

The upcoming papers in the series will cover the following interconnected but distinct topics:

• Technology is a double-edged sword
• Identifying and mitigating bias and mis-/disinformation
• Mindset and enabling skills

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About CPA Canada
Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada (CPA Canada) works collaboratively with the provincial, territorial and Bermudian CPA bodies, as it represents the Canadian accounting profession, both nationally and internationally. This collaboration allows the Canadian profession to champion best practices that benefit business and society, as well as prepare its members for an ever-evolving operating environment featuring unprecedented change. Representing more than 220,000 members, CPA Canada is one of the largest national accounting bodies worldwide. cpacanada.ca

About ICAS
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) is the global professional body for Chartered Accountants. We educate, examine and lead, enabling excellence whilst always working for the wider public good. All 23,000 ICAS members have earned our world-class CA designation of Chartered Accountant, the qualification that’s shaped an international business community spanning industries and continents, full of local heroes and corporate leaders. And we continually foster the bonds between our members, so CAs at all stages of their careers can learn from shared experience and connect their ambitions to success. For further information please visit – icas.com.

About IFAC

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. Comprised of 180 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, IFAC represents more than 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce.

Over four decades, IFAC has represented the global profession and supported the development, adoption, and implementation of international standards that underpin the contributions of today’s global accountancy profession. IFAC has maintained a long-term approach to building and strengthening a global accountancy profession that supports transparent, accountable, and sustainable organizations, financial markets, and economies.

The IAASB in collaboration with IFAC invite you to join the final webinar in our quality management series, Bringing It All Together: Exploring the Components of the Quality Management System, on August 18 from 11 am–12 pm GMT on Zoom with livestreaming on YouTube. The webinar will address aspects of International Standard on Quality Management 1, including governance and leadership, information, communication and networks.

ISQM 1 is part of the IAASB’s suite of quality management standards, issued in late 2020. The standards strengthen and modernize how firms approach quality management. They also mark an evolution from a traditional, more linear approach for quality control to an integrated quality management approach.

The webinar will be held in English and available on YouTube following the session. Participants joining live via Zoom will be able to submit questions.

• Webinar Four: Bringing it All Together: Exploring all the Components of a Quality Management System
  • August 18, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Julie Corden and Sachiko Kai and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

The recordings from the previous webinars in the series are available on YouTube:

• Webinar One: All You Need to Know about the Firm’s Risk Assessment Process
• Webinar Two: Resources: Expectations for Firm and Engagement Partners
• Webinar Three: What’s New in Firm’s Monitoring and Remediation Process

This webinar series is part of the IAASB’s implementation support efforts. Looking for additional resources on the suite of quality management standards? Check out the IAASB’s dedicated web page: iaasb.org/quality-management

IFAC is committed to supporting our member organizations and the development, adoption, and implementation of high-quality international standards.

The IAASB in collaboration with IFAC invite you to join the final webinar in our quality management series, Bringing It All Together: Exploring the Components of the Quality Management System, on August 18 from 11 am–12 pm GMT on Zoom with livestreaming on YouTube. The webinar will address aspects of International Standard on Quality Management 1, including governance and leadership, information, communication, and networks.

ISQM 1 is part of the IAASB’s suite of quality management standards, issued in late 2020. The standards strengthen and modernize how firms approach quality management. They also mark an evolution from a traditional, more linear approach for quality control to an integrated quality management approach.

The webinar will be held in English and available on YouTube following the session. Participants joining live via Zoom will be able to submit questions.

• Webinar Four: Bringing it All Together: Exploring all the Components of a Quality Management System
  • August 18, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Julie Corden and Sachiko Kai and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

The recordings from the previous webinars in the series are available on YouTube:

• Webinar One: All You Need to Know about the Firm’s Risk Assessment Process
• Webinar Two: Resources: Expectations for Firm and Engagement Partners
• Webinar Three: What’s New in Firm’s Monitoring and Remediation Process

This webinar series is part of the IAASB’s implementation support efforts. Looking for additional resources on the suite of quality management standards? Check out the IAASB’s dedicated web page: iaasb.org/quality-management

In its Strategy and Work Plan 2019-2023 (the Strategy) the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board® (IPSASB®) committed to hold a public consultation mid-way through the Strategy period on projects that should be added to the Work Program during the remainder of the period, as existing projects were completed. Accordingly, the IPSASB has today released its Mid-Period Work Program Consultation (Consultation).

Within the context of continuing to deliver the Strategy, the Consultation prioritizes projects to be added to the Work Program as the Board and staff resources become available during 2022 and 2023. In view of the resources likely to become available, the Consultation proposes adding two major projects:

• Presentation of Financial Statements; and 
• Differential Reporting.

The Consultation also proposes to add up to four smaller scope projects:

• IPSAS 21, Impairment of Non-Cash-Generating Assets; 
• IPSAS 31, Intangible Assets; 
• IPSAS 33, First-Time Adoption of Accrual Basis IPSASs; and 
• Making Materiality Judgements.

“Despite the major challenges of the pandemic, the Biennial Review that we have published today shows that the IPSASB has continued to deliver on its current Strategy, which itself remains relevant. As we complete our current projects the Board is proposing to add a number of new ones based on its views on the current priorities,” said IPSASB Chair Ian Carruthers. “It is essential the IPSASB hears its stakeholders’ views on the proposed projects so that it can best address their needs and priorities as IPSAS usage continues to increase globally.”

How to Comment

To access the Exposure Draft, its summary At-a-Glance document, and the Request for Information or to submit a comment, visit the IPSASB website, www.ipsasb.org. Comments are requested by November 30, 2021. The IPSASB encourages IFAC members, associates, and Network Partners to promote the availability of this Consultation Paper to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through developing and maintaining accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other high-quality financial reporting guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It also raises awareness of IPSAS and the benefits of accrual adoption. The Board receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the governments of Canada and New Zealand. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

About the Public Interest Committee

The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information.

Today, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) published an exposure draft of its new, stand-alone standard for audits of financial statements of less complex entities. This landmark new draft standard responds to demands to have a set of high-quality requirements tailored for the needs of less complex entities (LCEs). The new standard for audits of financial statements of LCEs will provide a globally consistent approach at a time where several jurisdictional-specific LCE standards or related initiatives are arising. The release of the exposure draft is part of a broader effort to reduce complexity, improve understandability, and make International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) more scalable and proportionate to circumstances of audited entities.

“Smaller, less complex entities play a vital role in the world’s economy. The IAASB has prioritized addressing the needs of stakeholders representing these entities over the last eighteen months,” said IAASB Chair Tom Seidenstein. “Our new proposed standard’s objective is appropriately focusing the work of auditors through requirements designed to be proportionate to the typical nature and circumstance of less complex entities. We are not compromising on the quality of the audit.”

The IAASB strongly encourages all interested stakeholders to provide their feedback by January 31, 2022. The standard is relevant to users of financial statements, owners, management and those charged with governance of entities, preparers of financial statements, legislative or regulatory authorities, relevant local bodies with standard-setting authority, professional accountancy organizations, academics, regulators and audit oversight bodies, and auditors and audit firms, among others.

Stakeholders can submit responses through the “Submit Comment” button online. The Exposure Draft will also be available in French and Spanish in early September 2021. The IAASB is also planning outreach on the new draft standard; an outreach plan will be available on the IAASB’s website in late August 2021.

About the IAASB
The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

Today, IFAC released a Point of View: Greater Transparency and Accountability in the Public Sector. 

The public sector is facing a myriad of competing priorities, including an unprecedented global health crisis and climate emergency, and must make critical decisions that will affect generations to come. In this environment, helping citizens understand how public funds are being managed and spent, as well as the reasoning behind and consequences of decisions made, can meet the heightened need for transparency and accountability necessary to retain and grow stakeholder trust.

IFAC’s Point of View explores the need for strong governance and public financial management (PFM), so that governments and public sector entities around the world can make informed, data-driven decisions for people, the planet, and the economy. It also outlines how the accountancy profession, with its public interest mandate, can support the public sector in achieving long-term financial sustainability and resilience, to help create a better world with stronger economies and fairer societies.

“Our latest POV focuses on actionable steps that professional accountants in the public sector can take to foster trust and increase resilience globally,” said Kevin Dancey, IFAC CEO. “Calls for transparency and accountability in the public sector are not new, but we have outlined systems, processes, and practices the public sector can integrate to achieve the strong financial management necessary to build a sustainable, inclusive, and prosperous future for all of us.”

Read IFAC’s latest POV here.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 180 members and associates in 135 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

The IAASB in collaboration with IFAC invite you to join our upcoming quality management webinars, Resourcing for Quality Management on July 29 from 11 am–12 pm GMT and Your Firm’s Monitoring & Remediation Process on August 5 from 11 am–12 pm GMT. Both webinars will be held on Zoom with livestreaming on IAASB’s YouTube channel.

ISQM 1 is part of the IAASB’s suite of quality management standards, issued in late 2020. The standards strengthen and modernize how firms approach quality management. They also mark an evolution from a traditional, more linear approach for quality control to an integrated quality management approach. These webinars address how firms can resources appropriately and establish monitoring and remediation processes to align with the requirements in International Standard on Quality Management 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.

The webinars will be held in English and available on YouTube following the session. Participants joining live via Zoom will be able to submit questions.

• Webinar Two: Resourcing for Quality Management
  • July 29, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Josephine Jackson and Sue Almond and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Discussion will include references to the requirements of International Standard on Auditing 220, Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements
  • Register Now
• Webinar Three: Your Firm’s Monitoring & Remediation Process
  • August 5, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB member Chun Wee Chiew, technical advisor Denise Weber, and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

The recording from the first webinar in this series, Your Firm’s Risk Assessment Process, is available on YouTube. You are also invited to the final webinar in the series:

• Webinar Four: Bringing it All Together: Exploring all the Components of a Quality Management System
  • August 18, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Julie Corden and Sachiko Kai and IAASB Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

Looking for additional resources on the suite of quality management standards? Check out the IAASB’s dedicated web page: iaasb.org/quality-management

The IAASB in collaboration with IFAC invite you to join the upcoming quality management webinars, Resourcing for Quality Management on July 29 from 11 am–12 pm GMT and Your Firm’s Monitoring & Remediation Process on August 5 from 11 am–12 pm GMT. Both webinars will be held on Zoom with livestreaming on IAASB’s YouTube channel.

ISQM 1 is part of the IAASB’s suite of quality management standards, issued in late 2020. The standards strengthen and modernize how firms approach quality management. They also mark an evolution from a traditional, more linear approach for quality control to an integrated quality management approach. These webinars address how firms can resources appropriately and establish monitoring and remediation processes to align with the requirements in International Standard on Quality Management 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.

The webinars will be held in English and available on YouTube following the session. Participants joining live via Zoom will be able to submit questions.

• Webinar Two: Resourcing for Quality Management
  • July 29, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Josephine Jackson and Sue Almond and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Discussion will include references to the requirements of International Standard on Auditing 220, Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements
  •  Register Now
• Webinar Three: Your Firm’s Monitoring & Remediation Process
  • August 5, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB member Chun Wee Chiew, technical advisor Denise Weber and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

The recording from the first webinar in this series, Your Firm’s Risk Assessment Process, is available on YouTube. You are also invited to the final webinar in the series:

• Webinar Four: Bringing it All Together: Exploring all the Components of a Quality Management System
  • August 18, 11 am–12 pm GMT
  • Featuring IAASB members Julie Corden and Sachiko Kai and Deputy Director Natalie Klonaridis
  • Register Now

Looking for additional resources on the suite of quality management standards? Check out the IAASB’s dedicated web page: iaasb.org/quality-management

IFAC is committed to supporting our member organizations and the development, adoption, and implementation of high-quality international standards.

Global practices for sustainability assurance—including the prevalence of assurance, level of assurance, and standard and practitioner used—varies widely by jurisdiction, according to a new study from the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the AICPA & CIMA (representing the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants). The new study is a groundbreaking review that provides a comprehensive global picture of the current status of assurance. The study further contextualizes this analysis with data on how and where sustainability-related information is reported, and how this relates to assurance practices.

As the drive toward a global system for sustainability-related reporting continues, investors, regulators and policymakers are turning their attention to the important role of assurance in promoting high-quality reporting. With the growing importance of—and reliance on—sustainability information, low-quality assurance is an emerging investor protection and financial stability risk.

“The global community needs to consider many complex questions—should reporting sustainability information be required? If so, should assurance be required, and by whom? With this new data in hand, IFAC is initiating evidence-based conversations with our member organizations and other global stakeholders to advance the global debate and help plot the way forward in the public interest,” said IFAC CEO Kevin Dancy. “We will continue our commitment to this space as the reporting and assurance landscape evolves.”

“Companies that publish sustainability information that is subject to assurance by professional accountants have an opportunity to bring trust and reliability to their sustainability information. Engaging a licensed professional accountant who possesses the right combination of professional skills, qualifications, experience and is subject to independence, ethical and monitoring requirements can result in truly meaningful assurance and transparency,” said Susan S. Coffey, CPA, CGMA, CEO of Public Accounting at the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants. “As it stands, only around half of the companies reviewed in this study publish sustainability information that is subject to any assurance.”

The full study is available on the IFAC website. For more information on AICPA & CIMA sustainability resources for the accountancy profession, please visit:

• Public accounting resources
• Management accounting resources

About the Study
IFAC and AICPA-CIMA partnered with Audit Analytics to understand the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting and assurance practices on a global basis by capturing reports containing ESG information in 22 jurisdictions. 100 companies were reviewed from each of the largest six economies, with 50 companies reviewed in the remaining 16 jurisdictions. Full methodology is available in the study.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 180 members and associates in 135 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

About the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants, and AICPA & CIMA
The Association of International Certified Professional Accountants^® (the Association), representing AICPA^® & CIMA^®, advances the global accounting and finance profession through its work on behalf of 696,000 AICPA and CIMA members, students and engaged professionals in 192 countries and territories. Together, we are the worldwide leader on public and management accounting issues through advocacy, support for the CPA license and specialized credentials, professional education and thought leadership. We build trust by empowering our members and engaged professionals with the knowledge and opportunities to be leaders in broadening prosperity for a more inclusive, sustainable and resilient future.

In 2025, governments in 50% of jurisdictions will report on an accrual basis, according to a report released today by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA). The report was drawn from the International Public Sector Financial Accountability Index, which captures current and future use of public financial reporting bases and frameworks by governments around the world.

The 2021 Index Status Report, which captures information from 165 jurisdictions, finds that while 30% of their governments reported on an accrual basis in 2020 (an increase of 6% since 2018), 50% will report on accrual by the end of 2025. Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean will lead the projected increase in accrual adoption over the coming five years.

By providing a comprehensive view of government finances, accrual reporting helps ensure that expenditure of public funds is transparent, public officials are held accountable, and future liabilities are recognized officially and planned for properly. With governments under more financial strain than ever following the huge levels of pandemic-related expenditure, understanding the overall picture and making the best use of the remaining resources is crucial to long-term recovery. In addition to the support of regional and international organizations, effective implementation of accrual accounting relies on the skills of public sector accountants to interpret the richer, more comprehensive data; as more governments move to accrual, the need for need for public sector accountants will increase correspondingly.

“Accrual-based accounting is essential in helping governments mitigate corruption, improve trust and transparency, and deliver desired outcomes that their communities deserve and need in the post-pandemic world,” said Rob Whiteman, Chief Executive of CIPFA.

Public financial reporting frameworks are developed in various ways, with many using International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). IPSAS provide high quality financial reporting guidance for governments and other public bodies around the world, in order to improve their consistency and transparency. 57% of governments that reported on an accrual basis in 2020 used IPSAS directly, indirectly, or as a reference point. By the end of 2025, nearly three-quarters (73%) of governments that report on accrual will use IPSAS in one of these three ways.

“This continuing shift from cash to accrual reporting in the public sector, and increased usage of IPSAS in particular, will be crucial to governments globally in making the tough choices they face following the pandemic. Professional accountants have a critical role to play in delivering the full potential benefits for citizens worldwide in terms of decision making, transparency, and accountability,” said Kevin Dancey, IFAC CEO.

IFAC and CIPFA plan to expand the Index progressively in terms of both coverage and information depth and provide periodic status reports throughout this crucial uptake period for accrual financial reporting globally.

Access the 2021 Status Report.

About IFAC

IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

About CIPFA

CIPFA, the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy, is the professional body for people in public finance. CIPFA shows the way in public finance globally, standing up for sound public financial management and good governance around the world as the leading commentator on managing and accounting for public money.